Rock climbing biners
I've been a rock climber for about 18 years, so here's my take:
There are two basic types of roped climbing - top rope (where the anchor is pre-established at the top of the rock) and lead climbing (where protection is placed as you climb.)
For top rope climbing, I use two double-lock screw gate carabiners, with the gates opposed. Top rope climbing has much shorter falls (just the amount of slack that your belayer hasn't taken up) so falls are 3-5' at most. One overhead point of protection is fine, as long as it's bomb proof. The biners are plenty strong, but two are used for redundancy. Even though falls are short, some folks use static rope (like arborist rope) which has little if any stretch and can place an impulse shock load on a biner. If it doesn't have a locking gate, it can bend open and fail.
In lead climbing, the climber places protection as he goes, so falls are much longer - twice the distance to your last anchor. If I'm 8 feet above my last anchor, I have to fall 8' to it, then 8' past it, plus belayer slack, plus stretch in the dynamic (*not* static) rope. Even though the falls are long, the catch is much softer, so there's less shock, and the biners don't see as much load, so a locking gate isn't necessary. I try to place protection every 6-8 feet if I can, so even if one fails in a fall, I'll be backed up by the next one down. So far, I've never had an anchor fail because the rope came out of the gate. The only 2-3 failures I've had were because the load jerked the piece out of the rock (usually sideways.)
But the best way to be safe in a fall is to avoid one in the first place. It's a matter of preference, but if I get in a jam and I'm in a tight spot where I'm afraid I can't hang for long, I'd drop in a piece with a spring gate that I feel is 99% safe rather than fumble with a locking gate trying for 100% safety. Remember, even though my last piece is 8' down, the fall is 25' (if it holds.) Those suck.
A small argument against locking gates is the added weight (I carry 30-40 biners) which adds up when leading. I'd rather be a little less tired and quicker to react than have all locking gates below me.
Anyway, there's my dissertation. Now I want to go climbing, but it's 35 out....