In 1881 John Dolbeer, a mill owner, built a steam powered machine that put the bull teams out of business. It had a big upright steam boiler that supplied power to a one cylinder engine with a winding drum. This drum carried a steel cable as a winch does. The "donkey," as it was called, would be hauled to the site on skids using its own power. When the "donkey" arrived on the site where the logs were, it was anchored with cables to stumps to prevent it from moving. Then cables would be attached to the logs and it would skid the logs down skid roads much faster than the bulls could. Then the loggers noticed that skid roads were not really needed, so they just pulled the logs out causing great environmental damage to the entire area. When they finished an area and moved to the next area, the logged out area looked like a moon scape.
At about the same time, railroads were constructed into the woods areas thus eliminating flumes and logjams. A railroad could be extended more easily to remote locations than skid roads or water dependent routes. The steam "donkey" would haul logs to the waiting flat cars. Extensive networks of railroad tracks were built all over the region. By the 1900s, the bull teams were all replaced by the steam "donkeys."
In the area of the landings were the logs were stored and where the train flat cars were loaded, high climbers would climb tall, selected trees and cut the tops of the trees so they could install big pulleys for lifting the logs onto the flat cars. These poles were called "spar" poles.
Modern machines started invading the redwoods in the 1920s with steam tractors. Around the 1930s, the big "cats" were nicknamed after the Caterpillar Tractor Company which was the most prolific manufacturer. These crawler tractors, with dozer blades, would cut roads and climb almost vertical hills and haul logs to the "landings" where they were loaded on railroad flat cars.
Art Martin