I`ve found synthetic oil to be as helpful as a block heater in most cases. Makes cranking alot easier.
Good glow plugs make a huge difference also. My small Ford 1720, 3cylinder diesel, has started at -30° F with nothing more than a double cycle of the glows plugs and about 1/8 throttle.
All the bigger diesels I have to worry about have block heaters, glow plugs, manifold heaters, or waterjacket(block) heaters that also heat the intake manifold via the coolant passages. Getting the fuel warm enough is half the battle in some cases. I`ve seen engines that needed a heat lamp on the manifold to get them to fire and low compression actually makes them harder to start.
As Tom pointed out, use a timer. Most block heaters are between 1000 and 1500 watts which is 1 - 1.5 kw/hr, right? To me, that means 12 to 18 cents an hour to operate, and that`s if there isn`t an auxiliary pump hooked to it. That`s $2.88 - $4.32 per day if left on continuously.
Russ