If, however, the employer justifies through an affirmative defense that compliance with 1910.180 is either impossible or unsafe, then riding is acceptable. This publication helps set up that affirmative defense where it is needed.
Needing an affirmative defense implies that the OSHA inspector observed what he perceived to be a violation and investigated further, issuing an infraction report that resulted in a citation and/or fines. You may find it very difficult to get the citation withdrawn. Not long ago the US Court of Appeals greatly lowered the standard of proof needed for issuing citations, stating that a reasonably prudent employer would have trained their employees to a higher level so as to avoid the exposure to legal action. So, since its the employer that gets the fine and not the employee, its probably going to stick because as the employer you didn't tell the guy on the hook that he really should not be doing that.
So that means if you are using a crane for "construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating" then 1926.1431 applies. If you are not, then it does not.
However, since 1910.180 is under Part Title "Occupational Safety and Health Standards" (link) it applies to everybody under the OSHA thumb.
I believe that subpart is a reference to employers entering into contracts for construction, alteration etc that expose employees to "working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to his health or safety, as determined under construction safety and health standards promulgated". Thats how it reads anyhow.
Yes, 1910.180 will most likely play a big part in any citation.
However, if an inspector sees one thing he does not like thats grounds for entering your worksite, putting you under a microscope and finding reasons to write you up and applying whatever standard fits the bill. If you have a saw in your hand you can be shown to be operating under 1926.266 regardless of what you are doing, and if you have a crane you are operating under more than one standard.
Kind of like a vampire - don't invite him in and he can't touch you.