For clarity’s sake, I went to Crestwood Elementary School, the South Oldham Middle School followed by South Oldham High School. I graduated there in 2005 with a 3.77 GPA. Then I went to University of Louisville’s Speed School of Engineering. I got out of there with a 2.79 GPA, and had passed the FE by the time I got out with a B.S in Civil Engineering with emphasis on geotechnical and environmental engineering. The last school I went to was University of Kentucky for some P.E continuing education time. I am not uneducated, though I have spent some time, many summers in high school and college in the school of hard knocks and continue as I run my own company. I’m not trying to make this a “show off what you got” competition, but would you care to share your educational background?
Here’s an example of policy and how it effects industry/trade. Let’s talk about diesel exhaust emissions regulation, particularly in off-road applications.
Here in the States, we are currently governed under the TIER system, brought by CARB, EPA, and engine makers (Cummins, Caterpillar, Isuzu, Kubota, etc.) The TIER system put Detroit Diesel out of the off-road market for good. What I find interesting is TIER is not much of a carbon regulator-mind you, nothing to curb the greenhouse effect-as it is a limit on NOx gases and particulate matter. Diesel engines do emit particulate matter and nitrous oxides, but emit marginal amounts of volatile organic compounds or ozone as gasoline powered engines do, which is where most of your smog and air pollution that makes it difficult to breathe come from. I can explain the chemistry if you’d like.
TIER 1-3 were mostly easy to do through engine design. They were rolled out between 1998 and 2004. They’re the big reason Caterpillar came up with the 3406E from the 3406C and then made it the C-15 and C-16. It drove most of the changes in product lines not so much in production advancements as it did drivetrain changes. TIER 3 machines were, and many of them still are, though 7-10 years old as TIER 4 was rolled out between 2008 and 2011, still very reliable and productive machines. They are easily worked on, and the U.S dominated the market on construction and forestry equipment. I own about $8M worth of TIER 3 stuff. The Caterpillar 330D L is still my favorite excavator I’ve ever run, but that’s beside the point.
TIER 4 was split into two parts. TIER 4 phase A (TIER 4 Interim) was complete in 2011, where TIER 4 B (TIER 4 Final) was complete in 2015. With TIER 4, it moved beyond efficiency and design improvments. Additional systems such as diesel particulate filters and selective catalytic reduction. In order to work properly, a DPF system must regenerate, or to say burn itself out. In order to do this, the engine must first derate its power, lowering production, then raise exhaust gas temperatures enough to burn the accumulated material from the filter. In ahort, you use more fuel and lower the operating efficiency, as well as add another system, monitored by electronics not everyone can work on, to fail. SCR systems do not require as much maintenance, but use another consumable-diesel exhaust fluid, also known as DEF or AddBlue in certain areas. The components of DEF are caustic, urea is the primary component, and it eats the SCR and related systems alive, as well as adding another system to fail.
By comparison, few countries I hear a lot of modern politicians say are ripping us off have regulations like this in place. Because of tbis, they produce basic, poorly engineered and inefficient engines that burn a lot of fuel and don’g produce a lot of power. Take a look at China’s XCMG company, PowerPlus from there or the Hyundai machines I see cropping up here and there stateside. Yet the standard of living is low, and the air quality is awful. Look at photos of Los Angeles in the 1970s, prime industrial time for that city. There is usually so much smog you can’t see the Hollywood hills from downtown. The quality of living here has improved, though be it we lost market share. It’s not always possible to have your cake and eat it too.