Some does, some doesn't.
Same with black locust. I've seen young black locust with and without(mostly with). I've seen mature black locust with and without, mostly without around here.
We have a ton of black locust around here. Most of our fence lines are infested with it.
I have lived at the same property for 40 years, and we have LOTS of locust.
The interesting thing about our variety of locust is that when the plant is recently sprouted, the locust will have enormous thorns.
As the tree matures, the tree will have less and less thorns.
If a locust looses a branch, for whatever reason, many times that location will develop a new branch.
The new branch will be covered with thorns, whereas nearby branches have few, or even no thorns.
This sort of explains why sometimes a locust is seen with thorns,, and sometimes not.
We had a windstorm push over a large locust, into a pasture of grass.
The EXACT outline of where the locust hit could be seen the following year.
Many of the branches that were driven into the ground by the falling tree simply sprouted into a tree.
Hundreds of locust trees popped up.
I had to use 2-4-D type herbicide on that spot for three or four years to eliminate those branch-started sprouts.