OK, many, many threads discussing this.
First, there are different perspectives on
'appropriate' depth gauge settings and methods: constant offset, constant angles, 'progressive', etc. If you have to adjust the height of the depth gauge an additional amount to compensate for an uneven cutter, there might be other tradeoffs or consequences.
Second, just because someone gets a chain to cut reasonably straight, that does not mean it is cutting as smooth or efficient as it can be. Oregon invented the chain we use about 75 years ago, and along with companies like STIHL, have spent millions of hours designing, engineering, testing, etc., using instrumented test fixtures, not just doing a demo out back of a saw shop. They all recommend uniform cutter lengths, angles, etc.
Of course, there are practical limitations to this, and I am not suggesting that folks pull out a micrometer each time they sharpen. But I frequently see hand filed chains where the cutters on one side are much shorter than the other, due to right or left handed filers being stronger on one side. And I frequently see chains where the top plate angles are different on each side; sometimes all over the place. So it is simpler and easier to take all of these cutters back to uniform lengths and angles with a chain grinder, than it is to try and de-code what is going on.
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If an individual user does not mind the variation, and is satisfied with the way that the chain cuts, that is fine with me. But I think that it is often an indication of sharpening that is not as accurate or as precise as it should be for efficient cutting. If they are doing this intentionally, then there must be something else going on.
I have posted these illustrations many times, showing a cutter as it is filed / ground / worn back from use. If sequential cutters are different heights or widths, the chain is going to bounce around in the kerf, causing vibration, and some cutters will be doing more work that others, which is less efficient. You would never intentionally sharpen any other type of saw this way.
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Philbert