Is it possible that the impeller on the pump is no longer firmly attached to the shaft? It holds on enough for you to spin it by hand, but when it tries to push feet of water column, the shaft spins on the impeller without actually spinning the impeller (or only spins it at a fraction of the speed it should).
That is why it is always good to have a couple of pressure gauges in your system as well. there is still some pressure even if it is an open system and it helps to figure things out.