Piston scoring

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JohnL

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What causes pistons to score? Homelite XL123, looks like a beaten up rental saw, on exhaust side can see the scoring through the port, in general does it continue to progress or stay as it is, if taken care of, good fuel mix, not ran too hard?

john
 
I'd say that scoring is probably caused by heat 99% of the time and by debris about 1%. Excessive heat causes the metal to melt. Exhaust side gets the hottest and shows scoring sooner, but my guess is that a really lean running saw could show scoring all around the piston.
 
I like it when a guy is using my saw and it starts to run out of gas and he blurps the throttle trying to finish the cut. That's good for it because it's running lean and without lubrification.
I look at it like this, that's a thousand dollar saw but having an idiot running it, that's priceless.
If he's really good, he'll tell me to take the brake off to make it lighter and remove the exaust screen to make it more powerfull but that kind of idiot is rare. If you find one like that, hang on to him, he'll make you look and feel smart by comparison.
 
Lean mixture shows up opn the exhaust side too. Dirt and water show up on the intake mostly, mixture mostly on the exhaust. Water will wash the oil off the piston and ruin your day.
 
Alcohol in the fuel can contribute from the water forming in the tank and washing away the lubrication from the piston.
 
Alcohol absorbs water and mixes with gasoline. This is how "drygas" works. The water alone in your fuel syatem will not burn, add alcohol and you can "burn" water. You are leaning the mixture when water is dispersed into your fuel. Your fuel system is adjusted to mix a given amout of fuel with a given amount of air to produce an ideal air fuel ratio of about 9:1 (14.7:1 is perfect but a small engine won't run that lean) in a small engine, if the "fuel" is diluted with water there will be too much air for the actual amount of fuel. The biggest problem with fuel containing alcohol as I see it for chainsaws is that fact that ouf fuel tanks are poorly sealed against the atmosphere (as compared to an automobile). The thing about alcohol absorbing water is that it does not care where the water comes from, pulling out of (or into as is the case) the fuel is no different than pulling water out of the air. The NHRA checks the dielectric constant of alcohol fuels to determine their purity, they warn about water absorbtion from poorly sealed containers. Any engineer types want to back me up on this?
 
Alchol has a few problems. It mixes poorly with gasoline and as such comes out of phase easy, absorbs water from the air(or through plastic fuel tanks), is corrosive(via water or from methanol), and is hard on plastics and rubber. Add to that the fact that it does nothign for air quality and is actually a form of corp welfare/special interest lubing.
 
I can't say for certain on chainsaws running a little isopropyl in the gas, but when running a 4-stroke on methanol, a great deal of heat is absorbed trying to vaporize the fuel...carbs and manifolds may get frosty. That can be real good thing in a way because the cold, dense mixture can pack in a bit more densely, but keeping that alky dry is paramount because when the temp of the fuel-air mix drops low enough water can precipitate out as ice crystals.

Guess what happens when ice crystals hit hot engine components? At best, there are microscopic bursts of steam, which may interfere with ignition or flame propogation. it can get a lot worse.

Most of us change the flappers so we can get hot air to the carb when the weather gets cool. It hlelps warm up faster, but keeps the saw alive longer too.

Back in the old days of snowmobile racing, many snowmobiles' engines were visible, right in front of the rider. Many riders, not just racers, put aluminum velocity stacks on their Tillotsen HD carbs, partly because they looked cool. Sometimes unscrupulous racers would grab handfuls of snow and try to throw them at the carb or carbs on an opponent's sled. Sometimes this would mean the momentary loss of a cylinder, and sometimes the permanent loss of one. In 1968, I saw it precipitate the loss of 3 teeth!

I think the point is, don't throw snowballs...not at another racer, and not at a hot piston.
 
Most of the scoring on the exhaust side of the ebay specials I have seen comes from carbon build up. Most likely the pevious owner ran cheap oil and mixed too rich, thinking more must be better. I had to remove the cylinder and chip out 1/8 inch of carbon from the exhaust port of my shindaiwa 360. Eric
 
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