.22 long rifle is a .22 long case with a longer heavier bullet. As I understand the development sequence of the once popular three rounds, the short came first, then the long (same bullet as short but longer case) and then the long rifle. Not sure if the long is still made. Shorts are hard enough to find.* There are also many other variants, but these three were popular when I was young. Ron
My grandfather was a fan of the short. Almost 50 years ago, we bought him a little Browning auto that was chambered for shorts only. Someone in the family still has it. I got the long rifle version at the same time. I really wanted a Model 94 30-30, but Pop intervened and spent my money on the little Browning. I wasn't happy about it at the time but in hindsight, it is probably worth more now and I have no doubt put more than 10,000 rounds through it.
Ron