The clutch springs are not the problem. The drum should turn easily without turning the clutch in your bottom picture. If not, then you are pressing the clutch against the drum causing them to turn together. There has to be clearance between the clutch spider and the drum after the clutch is tight. I'm just guessing, but #23 probably adds the distance you need to the bearing surface of the crankshaft.
So you think that the washer, number 23 would ride against the outside of the needle bearing (which is inside the drum) and the clutch spider spider would spin against that washer?? Just wanting to make sure I understand it correctly. That was the configuration that I had before I added washer number 26 in addition to washer number 23. Washer number 23 seems to fit inside the recess of the drum, flush with inside recess of drum. So it does not provide any standoff from the clutch.
OK - I just got back from the garage. I think I have figured something out that could be causing the problem (I always think I've discovered the problem but it doesn't always (or normally???!) turn out to the be real problem).
The pin that is called for in my setup (rim sprocket) - is 10mm long. The current pin in there is 13.59mm. See picture of the pin, with black sharpie marking where 10mm would be (measured from the left to right).
Here's what may be happening - tell me if this makes sense or not!
1) Too long of pin is in the washer that holds it - that is pressed against the worm gear assembly in order for the washer to be flush against the worm. When I do that, the pin pushes out as far as it can b/c it is bottoming out inside the oiler hole. So now a longer then normal piece of pin is sticking out.
2) Next the sprocket and drum go over the washer, and the pin inserts into the drum spline. Since the pin is too long (coupled with the potential that there is a broken off pin in the hole of the drum) - the drum sits out farther than it should from the oiler (i.e. closer to the clutch). This results in the washer (#23) sitting inside the drum recess, versus sitting proud of the recess. Since it is not proud of the recess, the clutch spyder tightens directly against the clutch drum - always turning the drum/sprocket.
The other adverse affect here is that the drum is no longer in the plane of the crankcase - i.e. it's crooked. Could this be why I have extra vibration and thinking the crank was bent, when I briefly ran the saw a couple months ago? See pictures.
3) As an experiment, if I press the washer & pin first into the drum, to make it flush with the drum, then set it onto the crank, the washer doesn't ride flush against oiler assembly/crankcase. It now will allow the washer, #23, to sit proud of the clutch drum, which should then provide standoff from the clutch. See pictures.This would also result in an off balance situation for the entire assembly, I believe.
So I think I need a new pin (or grind this one down). And it seems the drum should be replaced (Really seems to have a broken pin there, plus the opening should be a hole, not a gaping tear. See pic.