There's a distinct difference in the two scenarios.
The proximity of the side walk straight away should raise alarm bells. The bellowing out of the lower trunk is the second clue and the crack stops where there's a distinct difference in the bellowing.
Actually the crack was about 15 ft long and went right to the base at ground level right through the big flair,the tree had the lean for a long long time because it had a long curve where it had gradually corrected over the years,at the time we had counted the rings on the tree above the rot and it was at least 115-120 years old,no lifting of the walk showed,no surface roots,the crack was totally closed,heavily callused,I agree more investigation could have shown the extent of the rot but regardless she didn't want the tree removed.
So what you had here was a grossly misdiagnosed tree with no remedial works at all ... darn near negligence!
To know there's a problem is one thing, to do nothing about it is stupid.
Even though I had repeatedly advised her of the importance of removing this tree ,she was more concerned with the closer trees that were "more problematic" at the time so I had her sign off on it.If there is negligence involved it certainly wasnt on my part.
Her house was surrounded by tall trees,probably planted around or shortly after the time the house was built,it was originally an old farm house with hewn pegged beams the deed goes back to 1850,the town she is in is Clinton Ny a very old college town,home of Hamilton college full of 100+ yr old trees many of which are protected,even some of the sidewalk blocks have the years in them many going back into the 1800,s. There was a 125 ft 150 yr old multi leaderd Austrian pine next to her driveway that was in decline dropping limbs and pitch,and cones and had already damaged there cars,I had trimmed it several times before it was removed,several huge spruces,that also were next to the house,a huge dying ash leaning towards the neighbors,a giant hollow black cherry behind her house all dead dying or damaged trees,dead maples in the hedgline.I've removed about 15 huge trees from her 2 acres and still to this day on the other side of the driveway there are still two more Norways that lean towards her house ,right next to the sidewalk I have advised her should be thinned plus a giant dying sugar maple which needs removal.Each one has the potential to cause significant damage to her house but if they don't want the work done even after being advised what can you do??