Keep in mind, when I started building engines in my old Mustangs (67-70) Both the block and heads were cast iron. Getting an aluminum intake was a big deal (often improved flow, cooled the charge and decreased weight).
There were no aftermarket heads that were affordable for street cars, you did your own work (if you were brave enough). You mostly just learned things from books or from friends (especially friends who were mechanics).
Timing was changed by spinning the distributor and replacing the springs to change the mechanical advance curve.
Most mods usually started with improving the exhaust flow (headers, dual exhaust, low restriction mufflers) and low restriction air filters.
You could build a real screamer with the right mods, but plugs would likely need to be changed every 5,000 miles, oil every 2,500 miles, and you would be lucky to get double digit fuel mileage on the highway (trannys did not have over drive). Anti-freeze also had to be changed regularly and alternators went bad on a regular basis, power steering often failed (or leaked), and if you had AC it had similar problems. Radiator and heating hoses had to be changed on a regular basis.
In short, you spent a lot more time fixing and maintaining your ride than you do now.
As a result, I am thankful for modern technology.