Certainly you could write a book on the issue of spit back in two stroke engine, I will let Steve cover the other topic.
In a nutshell, most of the time when we see spit back or the results of it and it is objectionable, it is a result of either reed valves not closing/sealing properly, or a piston ported engine with a worn piston/cylinder. If the reeds or piston don't seal, some of the charge in the crankcase will be ejected back out the intake.
Eccentric wrote a nice dissertation on the subject one time discussing the length of the intake tract and the impact on the momentum of the air moving through the carburetor and noted that it was a common misconception that reed valve engines were more likely to suffer from spit back problems.
McCulloch attacked it a bit differently, rather than adjust the length of the intake tract to try and minimize spit back, they installed some form of "spit back shields" or "collectors" on many saws to try and collect the fuel and direct it back to the intake. The covers over the carburetor inlet on the 10 Series saws is one example (early models didn't have this feature) and the collector and hose on many large frame saws was another way to try and capture the fuel and get it back into the intake system.
If you open the air box and the AF is soaked with fuel or the interior is dripping wet with fuel, spit back is probably excessive.
Older 10 Series McCulloch with no spit back shield (custom fuel line came with the saw...)
View attachment 599168
Later model 10 Series with a spit back shield
View attachment 599169
Large frame McCulloch saw with collector, that plastic box behind the inlet to the carburetor is supposed to have a foam insert, the hose from the bottom connects to the carburetor to allow the collected spit back to be introduced back into the intake to be burned.
View attachment 599171
Mark