That's pretty much how the big black carpenter ants work. They do not attack live wood. Many Oaks will start to rot from the stump up. Has nothing to do with the life of the tree. The life of the tree is the cambium under the bark. The wood is the strength of the tree. The giant Live Oak, called the Angle Oak, I posted pics of a couple months ago is very hollow all over. They have telephone poles propped under almost every limb, yet it is very healthy and growing. The heart wood is actually dead. here's a quicky coarse in tree health, Joe.Oops I miss typed. I meant to say they only remove the dead material from trees. I.e. they find a tree that has core rot (and an entry point to the core) then they remove the dead material to make their nest.
https://www.arborday.org/trees/ringstreenatomy.cfm