Crofter said:
A non igniting spark eh? sounds a bit like cold fusion! There have been some interesting combination engines that used gasoline to vaporise kerosene and make it burnable in a spark ignition system. Wonder if it was some version of this.
Very much like Cold Fusion.
Far as I can determine, Pennington's "long mingling" (non-igniting) spark was a total scam and proved to be his undoing.
Before he came up with that gem, he was riding high going from city to city bilking established businessmen and investors out of large sums money to establish factories to build his "wonderful" engines and inventions that also included airships and 150-mph monorails. But instead he blew the money on a lavish lifestyle, booze, jewelry, and women and only went thru the motions of actually producing anything. After he wrecked one company, he'd move on to the next town where he would be greeted with new enthusiasm and the money would pour in due to his mesmeringly personality and his trappings of a successful capitalist and inventor.
After Randol's article appeared in 1895, however, there followed a heated discussion in letters to the editor about the "long mingling" spark -- sort of like this thread. The give-away was his claim that the power-stroke in his engine was fired at 45 degrees past TDC and guys wrote in and said that was total BS and that the first spark actually fired the fuel charge and the change-of-state refrigeration effect was of no practical value and that Pennington's engines needed cooling fins or water-jackets just like any other heat-engine.
Pennington answered his critics with lots of bombast and I believe Randol actually returned and wrote a second more critical article.
But the handwriting was on the wall and Pennington left the USA in 1896 and went to England where he repeated his grandiose claims and scams all over again very successfully.
But as time went on and people understood the "explosive" engine better, Pennington's star began to fade. One of his last inventions was a gasoline-powered baby buggy!
In the end Pennington went to Springfield, Mass. and tried to sue the pants off Indian but fell down in the street dead drunk (or maybe was beaten up by toughs from the Indian factory) and died the next day or so. That was 1911.
The ironic part is that Pennington actually influenced guys like Henry Ford and maybe William S. Harley. Ford actually copied Pennington's engine for his very first attempt at making a gas engine and the Pennington Motor Cycle demonstration in Milwaukee was only a few blocks away from teenagers Bill Harley and Arty Davidson's family homes.
Like they say: Truth is stranger than fiction.