Coyotes, especially groups of them can be really tough on deer. The one thing they have over wolves is lack of fear of humans so they’ll come into areas that wolves will not.my neighbor in WV has attended our Howard County MD Sheep and Wool Festival 29 years straight. Before Covid hit I took my wife to meet the out of state neighbors. “Hope“ said that would be her last Festival. The Coyotes were ripping the new borns out of the mothers as the were giving birth. They have two big guard dogs that look like Perinese, but are something else. They used to be able to keep the Yotes away. It got so bad the dogs couldn’t watch the whole heard. That fall local hunters shot 7 yotes and they disappeared. You can still hear them singing at night, but they have been staying away from Hope’s sheep. Wonder what they are doing to the deer heard?
The area around my house always had a lot of deer until coyotes moved in. Now we have wolves and coyotes and not many deer left.
I don’t really know that coyotes form official packs but I’ve seen pairs of them before.